W
wu'eł ch'ettsol
fish baling pole
my girlfriend, boyfriend, companion
she or he fainted, blacked out
wu'éł níyíde'aayh
crossbrace
my spouse, the one I stay with
my spouse, the one I stay with
I am teasing him, her or it
I went away from him or her in a hurry, I left
I took it away from him, her or it
I put it away from him or her (so they won't bother it)
I took it away from him, her or it
I punctured it, punched through it
wuch'ěel'
fish weir stakes
point or tip of something
wuchíi ch'etxêez įhtseyh tie a knot!
she or he has excellent eyesight
it' s tibia, lower leg bone
irresponsible, playful person
caribou skin blanket (with hair on)
wugaał sęy
black snow bunting
wugaay xtéełé'
a pregnant animal
wuk'adekt'eyh
it's valuable, I depend on it
I took care of him or her
sign of an animal--can refer to things like a patch of fur, or
exterior, outside surface (of something)
added on (one on top of another)
wuk'et nâach'ekt'áatth
I peeled them
I peeled it (with a knife)
I am peeling it (orange, package)
I am nibbling (on something)
it ran out, is all used up
the moccasins were resoled
you mended them (moccasins)
she or he is a glutton, eats too much
wumét ts'edet-sęy
cross fox
it thawed (on the surface)
his or her face is pimpled, pock marked
wunenh ch'et'ą̌ą' dit-tsiig
wunenh ch'et'ą̌ą' nesheegh
walk on this side (the outside) of the trail
wushíits shę́ę' dálílthet she, he or it came back exhausted
I rely on him, her, it (physically, emotionally)
wut'axdį́ht'eey ts'eníin' exúnłęę dzěen' Christmas Day
we are descended from them
we are descended from them
you refuse it, leave it alone
she or he had a premonition
she or he had a sign of something to come
rennet, contents of the stomach or intestines
he went bald, lost his hair
it (fabric) is ragged, tattered, worn out
CH'
a tree stump is floating downriver
they are gossiping about someone
it is giving a warning bark
ch'ech'ąąshú'
stomach fat (moose or caribou)
ch'echěnn'
stem, stump (of a plant)
blunt arrow for small game
arrowhead for blunt arrow
ch'edzaa théth kench'ǒdl' caribou legging mukluks
child's parka (anorak style)
scraps, leftover pieces of moose or caribou skin
laces made from scraps of hide
she or he is without necessities
part of, a portion of, some of
pole that skin is held on while fleshing the skin
stick used to hold meat over a fire
an obedient person (won't cause others trouble)
let me to take your (more than one) picture
hoof of moose, caribou or sheep
I'm driving (a car, sled)
ch'elaat'ûudz dekt'uuts
I peeling bark
he, she, it is eating, browsing
ch'enǎasheg tah daaninshah she or he came into the house secretly, came in unnoticed
Ch'enaa Ndêdh
old Mansfield Village
he or she is stealing (something)
I am doing beadwork, sewing with beads
I am cutting fringe (cutting strips of hide)
I am stirring (something)
area where moose regularly go to feed
there is a crunching sound
ch'etnedhegdek
I strangled it
fringe on clothing, boots
a knot in wood or a stump of branch remaining after
stump of branch remaining after branch is broken off
stump of branch sticking out after a small branch is
low clouds along mountains
caribou skin blanket when the hair is wearing off.
fat from a moose kneecap used as a baby pacifier
ch'etthaayh
red-tailed hawk
ch'etthíinikónn'
stomach lining
ch'exá' dinsųų
good quality fur in autumn
I am squatting down, crouching
she or he is squatting down, crouching
young people, adolescents
boiled blood (from moose, caribou)
unripe berries, but especially referring to blueberries
unripe (green) blueberries
flower of blueberry (that grows into berry)
a different direction or place
scraper tool for tanning skins
medicine, usually a traditional remedy given by medicine man
D
he, she or it is being silent
daałeeł
northern shoveller
you all be still, sit quietly
I caught it in mid-air (with one hand)
I did something to brag about
she or he is bragging about him or her self
she or he is pleading, begging
she or he insists (on something)
she or he is mumbling angrily
fluffy seed of the cottonwood tree (also fireweed seeds)
ice crystals in the air (as during very cold weather)
snow on trees fell off (in bits and pieces)
stunted tree (growing on the mountains)
it is snagged, stuck, hung up on something
forever, from here on out
she or he raised it above
he brought it in (stick-like object)
she or he praised him or her
it is floating (not sinking)
she or he is being funny, telling jokes
fill it all the way up (by pouring or other continuous
be still!, stop what you are doing!
enclosure that caribou were driven into
they are offering him something
water flows over shallows
I am filling it (with a scooping motion)
for the purpose of, in search of
stick, small piece of wood
she or he clubbed it with a club
rise!, get up! (from sitting or laying down)
get up (lift yourself up)
get up (lift yourself up)
rise!, get up! (from sitting or laying down)
she or he is tapping their own foot (in time with
dekelaats'ǒgh' éł xékéch'énétthet he or she stubbed their toe
she or he is walking on tiptoes
I'm lighting it (fire), starting it up
I am hacking, chopping it
I turn, twist it (faucet, handle, etc.)
I am peeling birch or willow
it (water) is leaking, dripping
squeal of a baby or rabbit
speech maker, one who makes a potlatch speech
he is making a potlatch speech
delt'ék
he or she is twisting it off (for example to make a straw from
it (compact object) is moving, in motion
an animal, bird shrieks, screams
old time mittens with fur inside
it is broken down, not working
it is chapped; rough and dry
I turned it (faucet, handle, etc.)
playground, a place for fun
it is empty, nothing there
it is tough, can not be broken
she or he is making trips (back and forth) to Mansfield
I'm going (right now) to Mansfield
Dihthâad Xt'een Iin aanděg' Mansfield area people's language
I am shrieking (in terror)
I am shaking it (blanket) out
it is bound, tied tightly
I tied it quickly, not carefully
short (e.g. any plant material, hair)
I am shivering (from cold)
I sat back down (quickly)
M
border or edge (of something)
she or he is amazed (at a situation)
maa de'ihtsí'i
something valuable, something I value
she or he was fortunate, lucked out
she or he admires him/her/it
it was delivered to him/her
something funny is happening
I am accompanying him or her
knife used for cutting fish
let me repay him or her, make it up to him or her
I am acquainted with him or her
I am demonstrating something to him or her
I bundled it, tied it together
mech'etnehłah k'eh shę́ę' dę́'ę she or he is restless, acts like something is uncomfortable
I tied something to it, tied it up
I mended it, patched it (by sewing)
I bound something to it, tied it tightly
I am measuring it, sizing it up
I argued angrily with him or her
she or he is a mean person
I am feeling it, touching it
I released it, let it go, stopped doing it
drop it!, let go of it! (any object; implies that rapid
mehk'ą̂ąy chox
herring gull
I'm wiping it (thoroughly)
I patched it, put a patch on it
she or he is a friendly person
mets'adaxdiht'eey
she or he is a mean person
you all are pointing at it
difficult to handle, cope with
there us not very many of those (referring to a particular thing)
it is lost, it disappeared
it is found; you found it for yourself
I'm accustom to it, used to it
miikah ch'udékket
I am requesting her, him, it
she or he is insane, has lost their mind
miiní' shíi tnáalttthet
she or he is in a very bad mood
I am searching, rummaging around for it
ghost, spirit of someone deceased
ghost, spirit of someone deceased
she or he has butterfingers, drops things
things fall out of his hand, he has "butterfingers"
N
I put it down (a living animal or person, like a puppy or an
naadóg tsúgaay yaníshąą a flock of birds flew up
that one (person or thing)
that one (person or thing)
I am comfortable with him, her
nâan xú' udihn̨ey sínt'eh I suspect that person
naa tuutiił nanénį́htsiit move the cup aside!
he, she or it (living being) fell
I am soaking it, making it damp
she or he is working, keeping busy
fill it up (using repeated motion)
undress, take your clothes off
she or he is returning, just now came back
she or he is sneaking around
I'm fishing (with a hook)
she or he is limping around
traditional stick used to give and receive gifts
I am walking with one foot (using crutches)
it (compact object, such as a rock) fell off, fell down
she or he is pleading with him/her
depression in ground (hole, gully) is shallow, bank
depression in ground (hole, gully) is deep
I put it down (something flat and flexible, like shirt or a
I am wearing it (clothing)
I put it down (a compact object such as a box)
I put them down (any multiple objects)
I put it down (something long and skinny, like a
I put it down (something in a container, like a water
tool for removing flesh from skin
flesher; scraper tool for removing flesh from skin
it (weather) is murky (due to fog, ice fog, smoke)
she or he is sharpening it
it capsized, flipped over, rolled over
dry meat mixed with moose fat
we will meet again (on purpose)
they're kissing each other
it collapsed from top to bottom
it (bird, airplane) landed
nearby area above, inland, or over there
she or he revived him or her, made him or her well
she or he is leading him or her
she or he is guiding him/her around
she or he extinguished it, put it out
she or he is blackening it
she or he is guarding him/her/it
she or he is watching him. her or it
she or he is wearing it (clothing)
she or he cheated him or her
I am tracking it (animal)
nateldliih
frozen puddle with no water in it
she or he is skating, sliding on ice, walking on ice by shuffling
it (bird, airplane) is soaring, gliding
it shriveled up, became smaller
she or he (baby) is crawling (fast)
I am going to take a trip
it is hopping around (on two legs)
I am skinning it (used only for small animals like a rabbit or
nat'u'ekt'įį
I usually peel it
I�m skinning it (small animal) by tearing the skin off
it bark, senses something out of the ordinary.
clean it up, straighten up
story teller or news reporter
I dropped it (a living being, such as a puppy)
it (multiple objects or single fabric-like object, a
naxk'ą́ąy tah di'ee'ąą it is slanted
I'm going to tell a story
it is shy, wary of us (like a fox)
I am accompanying you, I am on your side
she or he is waiting for us
she or he camped (overnight)
other side of us, away from us
we brought him back to our house
I say to you, I'm telling you
I swallowed something stringy
I turned on a light (flashlight, lamp)
a lamp, a lightbulb or a candle; any artificial light
it (light other than sun) is shining
he, she or it is thin, skinny
I stretched it, strung it across (a rope)
it (rope, cloth) is stretched
I am stiff (from sitting or staying in one position)
I jelled it (by boiling for a long time and then cooling)
you are crying and crying, cry all the time
water level rose, flooded
traditional skin-covered shelter
nîinekchuut
I put it back down (piece of food)
I am trapping, setting traps
I picked it up (something flat and flexible, like shirt or a
I picked up it (a living animal or person, like a puppy or
I picked it up (a compact, solid object)
I picked them up (more than one of any object)
I picked up it (something in a container, like a water
I picked it up (something long and skinny, like a
muskrat food (watermilfoil)
watermilfoil, "muskrat food"
there are a variety of different things
here and there, scattered about (inland, away from there
something which is divided
he is turning, it back forth
I am turning it inside out
next to each other, side by side
we divided them (more than one)
we traded, paid each other back
it sprung back, rebounded
they passed each other on the trail, went by each
niłk'odl
Copper River style fermented fish heads
it is turning over and over (like a wheel)
it is turning around (rotating, turning over,
it (blanket, paper) is upside down
I turned it (flat object) over
I turned it (animate being) over
I turned it (solid object) over
they (plural objects) are assembled, gathered together
people are gathered together
people are gathered together
she or he inhaled, breathed in
liquids are blended, mixed together
they are similar in appearance
we accidentally met, we ran into each other
we are related to each other
they are entertaining each other, making each other laugh
I stored food (put food up for the winter)
short (e.g. rope-like objects, mountains)
he or she moves, travels with household goods,
she or he raised it from below
blueberry (less commonly used than je3g)
nondlêed kentsįįth
modern shoes
a mammal (for example, fox or rabbit)
nûun ká'ehá'
he is hunting
I am teaching you all (orally)
nkentsį̌įdh' shíi xádíl'eetth take off you shoes
other side of you, away from you
where is it (a specific person or thing)
what are you going to do with that?
what are you going to do?
what is he, she or it doing
SH
in the direction of the Copper River area (from Tanacross)
area upward or inland (distant)
my aunt (mother's sister)
handicapped, hobbled by old injury
down toward the water (distant)
from the water, lowlands (distant)
area toward water (distant)
it is very interesting to me
I am amazed (at an activity)
I am amazed (at a situation)
it's difficult for me to pronounce that
I glad she or he did that, I'm proud of what she or he did
someone or something is disliked
she fixed it, straightened it out for me
it is amusing, amazing to me
she or he is precious to me
she or he is moving about, always on the go
she or he is moving about, always on the go
away, over there (distant)
Sha' Theeg Ndiig
Sam Creek that flows into Sam Lake from the northwest
it is bouncing (up and down)
she or he is skipping (like skipping rope)
she or he is waving to him/her
toward downriver (distant)
long ago times, olden days
a place up river (distant)
distant area above, inland, or over there
howling, making a commotion
noise is being made (by a group, crowd)
peak of a house, roof peak
for no reason, for nothing
she or he is frightening him or her
she or he is scolding him or her
it is attached (tied) to it
you say to me, you tell me
she or he released it, let it go
hold it down with your foot
she or he compressed it (into a container)
my relatives, family, tribe
she or he says to her/him
she or he is blowing on it
she or he is frying, roasting it
yehts'el
she or he is peeling it
he is making, building, constructing it
She or he is rolling it up
he, she or it is licking it
she or he is kicking it (repeatedly)
he or she touched it with their foot
yeltthúux
she or he gobbled it, stuffed it in
it is put aside (saved, cached)
she or he is softening a skin (by rolling skin between the
it is used up, all gone (for example, firewood or food)
she or he has a grudge against him or her
she or he is pointing at me
he trained him (teaching him physical skills, stamina,
I was harmed, I got injured
shíineltséex
he or she is sobbing, crying uncontrollably
she or he is gasping for breath
meat, general term for food
she or he is beating it, stirring it
yi'éł nách'éhłôgh
fishing pole
shí' éhtsel
freshly cut meat
shí' tnetlog
well cooked meat
yidá' et-tsiin
his or her chin is tattooed
she or he promised him/her, gave him or her their word
she or he is crunching it
he, she or it is gnawing on it
she or he's staring at me
she or he is following behind him/her
he copied it, made it like that one
she or he smeared him or her (with mud, jelly, googy
she or he is slapping him or her
he or she rasied him or her (themselves)
he or she hit him, her or it really hard
shinlaagez
space between my fingers
shinlaats'ógh' gáay'
my pinky finger
my finger poked through it
shinlaatthishuus
my knuckles
I dropped it (compact object, such as a rock)
I dropped it (an elongated object such as a stick or
I dropped them (multiple objects, single fabric-like
yitehkąą
it is just beginning to become light
he got a glimpse of him, her or it
she or he choked on it (on something solid)
he adopted him, raised him
she or he has confidence in him/her
he or she rushed at him or her
she or he blamed him or her
she or her blamed him or her
she or he is tormenting him, her or it
she or he is envious of him/her/it
she or he is calling my name
she or he is jealous of him/her/it
she or he is requesting it, asking for it
she or he invited him or her
my older brother visited us
she drove me crazy, mixed me up
shchaay wuts'3níin' chíh shchaay nłęę my great-grandchild (women's)
shchêl shaa tsets nîidelsheek my younger brother is bringing in wood for me
do you understand (hear) me?
shgaantthį́į'
'under part' of my upper arm
my nephew or niece (man's)
I got a scratch (on my skin)
shk'oth tth'éegh'
my jugular
my mother-in-law (woman's)
my brother-in-law (man's)
area around my eye (refers to the area around the eye
it is entertaining me, keeping me company
I am really angry (but not visibly showing anger)
I am weak (have no strength)
I have a tickle in my throat
hand it (something long, like a pencil) to me fast
my sister-in-law (women's)
shtthuuy wuts'eníin' chíh shtthuuy nłęę my great-grandchild (man's)
she or he is helping me (with a task)
my brother-in-law (women's)
T
she or he is wading in and out of the water
grass growing out of water around the edge of lakes
Sam Creek on the south side of the Tanana River
spring; overflow water on ice
Taatl'oxt'een
Copper River area people
taatsą́ą' ndêl
surf scoter
taatsą́ą' ndêl
surf scoter
she or he or it buries (something)
it (ice) is melting, thawing
(more than one) drifting along
liquid is murky, thick (e.g. muddy water, gravy)
I am drifting along (in water)
he or she threw them away
Tats'áltęy ts'enh xâanítshah he went as far as Tanacross (and then returned)
the river bank is eroding
a fishnet is set (under water)
someone who looks pitiful (can apply to person or animal)
you poor thing! (I feel sorry for you)
willow stick used as a fish detector (wiggles when fish
thin willow stick used as 'fish detector' in 'eth'
I stayed up through the night
he or she stayed up all night
an orange and white bug that lives at the bottom of lakes,
water bug that can fly in the air
snow is blowing on the trail
it sank (went to the bottom)
it is worn down, worn thin
I gulped it, drank it quickly
I threw it (larger multiple objects)
I am skipping it (rocks across the water)
you gulped it, drank it quickly
a situation, place is bad
a situation, place turned bad, is not normal
tihgok
I am spearing (fish)
you are guzzling it, drinking it quickly
arrowhead for water fowl arrow
soda pop, any sweetened beverage
I am shaking water (in a container)
a place to get water, water source
water is overflowing and then freezing
water dried up, receded, evaporated
water disappeared, dried up
water is flowing down, cascading down
give me the water (in a cup)
tuu tach'ihkaayh
I am ladling water
I got a glimpse of him, her or it
she or he is going to sleep
she or he is cranky, not in a good mood
GH
it is gusty, wind comes and goes
swamp, muskeg, area of soft ground
she or he returned, turned around
half, part of, piece (of something), referring to a sizeable
part of, piece (of something), referring to a sizeable
she or he is shaving (body hair)
I am unpacking it, taking things out
the goose is walking around
I am whittling (to a point)
I am bent over, hunched over
it (for instance, a can) is crushed
she or he brought him, her or it (animal) out (by reaching into
they are insulted, got their feelings hurt
it is soaked through with grease
they rushed to help him or her (for example after an
I know (it), understand (it)
he or she or it is stubborn
something is making noise
she, he or it is yelping (in pain)
I am paddling fast and smooth
I am walking fast and straight, �power walking�
I am leaning against (a wall)
I am carrying it (fabric, flexible object)
I am carrying it (animate object)
waning moon (last quarter)
waxing moon (first quarter)
gheldzeey nakech'eneet'eyh there is a ring around moon
gheldzeey nakech'etneet'eyh there is a lunar halo
his or her feelings were hurt
I am leaning against something (while sitting or
sled, especially modern sled with a raised basket
xetl keetl'aad
sled runner
I am carrying it (compact object)
I am carrying it (something in container)
I am carrying them (multiple objects)
I'm carrying it (sticklike object)
scraped skin ready for tanning
commander, someone who orders people around
he is insulted, got his feelings hurt
he, she or it is scratching an area
xok
spring type snare for rabbits
I'm keeping busy, passing time
snare barricade (used esp. for rabbits)
shallow hole in the ground
she or he is thumping, stomping their foot
she or he is teaching them
it appears to be that way
finished, that's it, all done
it (bird) is gripping with its claw
she or he is urging them on
bring those things with you too
not that way (direction)!
it formed into that shape
it (elongated object like a stick or gun) fell over
it is (abstract concept, area or weather)
it (a place, weather) is good
she or he is sane, rational
dawn (it became daylight)
xdaagh
area above tree line, alpine tundra
he or she is sliding down
she or he descended (came down)
it (weather) is calm, still
I am learning (a physical skill)
I am knocking (on a door)
noise of moving, bumping objects
there is a knocking, thumping sound
there is a thumping sound
a quiet crunching, creaking sound, for example an
there is a crunchy, rustling sound
it (table, floor) is dirty, messy
recently, not very long ago
he or she is going to make a potlatch
in the future, after a time